Volume 66 2025

International Relations Online

Adaptation Amid Conflict: Financing Climate Resilience in Conflict-Affected Developing States

May developed countries suspend their obligation to provide climate adaptation finance under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement during armed conflict? This inquiry is especially relevant for conflict-affected, highly climate-vulnerable states. This Essay explores how developed countries can fulfill their legal commitments and take “bolder collective action to build climate resilience” in highly vulnerable, conflict-affected states.

Yuyan (Nicole) Zhang